Signs and Symptoms of Anaphylaxis

Signs and Symptoms of Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is an immediate, life threatening systemic reaction that occurs an exposure to a particular substance. It results from a type I hypersensitivity reaction in which release of chemical mediators from mast-cells results in massive vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, bronchoconstriction, and decrease peristalsis.
It may be caused by immunotherapy, skin testing, medications, contrast media infusion, insect stings, certain foods, or exercise. rompt identification of signs and symptoms and immediate intervention are essential; the more quickly a reaction occurs, the more severe it tends to be. Complications include cardiovascular collapse and respiratory failure.
Assessment
☞ Immediately asses airway, breathing, and circulation if presentation is severe, and intervene with cardiopulmonary resuscitation as appropriate.
☞ If presentation is less severe, assess vital signs, degree of respiratory distress, and presence of angioedema.
☞ Signs and symptoms include:
1. Urticaria (hives), angioedema, pruritus, flushing.
2. Laryngeal edema, bronchospasm, cough, wheezing, feeling of lump in the throat.
3. Hypotension, tachycardia, palpitations, syncope.
4. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating.