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ARDMS SPI Exam Review TEST 20
1. What can be said about the ensemble length of pulsed-wave Doppler?

a. It is less than 3 pulses per scan line

b. It is more than 100 pulses per scan line

c. It is about 10 to 20 pulses per scan line

d. It is typically 0
2. What happens if blood flow is sampled in the center of laminar flow?

a. There will be a higher velocity than if sampled toward the edges

b. There will be a slower velocity than if sampled toward the edges

c. It will be made up of many different velocities

d. It will be turbulent
3. Which of the following is false about color Doppler imaging?

a. It is prone to aliasing

b. It obtains mean velocity information

c. It uses autocorrelation as its signal processing technique

d. It can measure peak systolic and end diastolic velocities
4. Which of the following is a property of power Doppler?

a. Able to obtain velocity information and direction of flow

b. Signal is obtained by detecting amplitude of shift

c. It is prone to aliasing

d. Limited by perpendicular angle of incidence
5. Assuming flow is constant, what happens in a region of blood vessel narrowing?

a. There is a significant pressure increase

b. There is an increase in the velocity along with a corresponding increase in pressure

c. There is an increase in the velocity along with a corresponding decrease in pressure

d. Velocity and pressure are unchanged
6. Which of the following is true about the spectral Doppler envelope?

a. It is thin when there are many different velocities

b. It is thin with CW Doppler

c. It is thickened in the center of a laminar flow vessel

d. It is thickened in the presence of turbulence
7. What is the term for the pressure difference between the inside of a vein and the tissue outside?

a. Hydrostatic pressure

b. Autocorrelation

c. Transmural pressure

d. Kinetic energy
8. A proximal stenosis will look like what on the spectral waveform?

a. Reversal of flow in diastole

b. Delay in the systolic upstroke

c. Triphasic waveform

d. Aliasing
9. The end diastolic component is missing on a spectral waveform. Which of the following should be adjusted to fix this?

a. Gain

b. Scale

c. Wall filter

d. Frequency
10. In the exercising patient, the distal arterioles are dilated. What type of flow pattern would most likely be demonstrated on spectral Doppler within the proximal vessels?

a. Monophasic

b. Biphasic

c. Triphasic

d. Venous

Δ
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October 28, 2017
ARDMS SPI Exam Review TEST 19
1. Which signal processing technique used for color Doppler is not as accurate, but faster, than the technique used for spectral Doppler?

a. Zero crossing

b. Phase quadrature

c. Autocorrelation

d. Fast Fourier transform
2. What is the fewest number of crystals a PW Doppler device may have?

a. Zero

b. One

c. Two

d. Three
3. Which type of Doppler does not rely on the frequency shift but instead relies on the strength of the shift?

a. Spectral Doppler

b. Power Doppler

c. Color Doppler imaging

d. CW Doppler
4. What is it called when the 2D image, color Doppler image, and spectral Doppler are displayed simultaneously?

a. Duplex mode

b. Triplex mode

c. Phase quadrature mode

d. Multiplex mode
5. What is the duty factor of CW Doppler?

a. 1

b. 100

c. 0.01

d. 1%
6. Which of the following is true about CW Doppler?

a. The measured frequency shifts come from a user-selected depth

b. A range gate is placed in the vessel to be sampled

c. There is a large sample volume that obtains signals from all vessels

within d. Pulses of sound are sent into the tissue to measure the frequency shifts
7. When compared to 2D grayscale imaging, which of the following color Doppler statements is true?

a. There is improved temporal resolution

b. There is worse temporal resolution

c. There are fewer pulses per scan line

d. There is a higher frame rate
8. Which of the following statements is false?

a. Aliasing does not occur with color Doppler

b. Continuous-wave Doppler is able to measure very high frequency shifts

c. Pulsed-wave Doppler has range resolution

d. Power Doppler is not limited by 90° angle
9. Which of the following frequency shifts would exhibit aliasing if the PRF is 5000 Hz?

a. 1.0 kHz

b. 2.5 kHz

c. 3.0 kHz

d. None of the above
10. Which of the following is true about the frequency shift?

a. It increases with an increase in Doppler angle

b. It is typically greater than 20,000 Hz

c. It is inversely related to operating frequency

d. It is in the audible range of sound

Δ
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October 28, 2017
ARDMS SPI Exam Review TEST 18
1. What is the component of the ultrasound machine used to detect positive versus negative frequency shifts?

a. Analog Doppler

b. Oscillator

c. Fourier transformer

d. Phase quadrature
2. Which of the following is true for continuous-wave Doppler devices?

a. It only needs to have one piezoelectric element

b. It must have at least two piezoelectric elements

c. It must have three piezoelectric elements

d. No piezoelectric elements are needed for CW Doppler
3. Which of the following will result in aliasing?

a. Too low an operating frequency

b. Increased sampling of the blood flow

c. Undersampling of the blood flow

d. Too high a Doppler angle
4. Which mathematical processing technique is used to analyze the data and produce a spectral waveform?

a. Amplitude shifting

b. Autocorrelation

c. Amplitude sampling

d. Fast Fourier transform
5. Which of the following represents the resistive index?

a. Peak systolic velocity minus the end diastolic velocity divided by the mean velocity

b. End diastolic velocity minus the peak systolic velocity divided by the peak systolic velocity

c. Peak systolic velocity minus the end diastolic velocity divided by the peak systolic velocity

d. Peak systolic velocity minus the end diastolic velocity divided by the end diastolic velocity
6. What does the brightness of the dots that make up the spectral display represent?

a. The number of red blood cells present

b. The velocity of the signal

c. The frequency shift

d. The amount of turbulence present
7. What is said to occur when the window of the spectral Doppler display is filled-in?

a. There is spectral broadening

b. There is laminar flow

c. The Doppler gate is small and centered within the vessel

d. There is only one velocity at a given point in time
8. In order to add more spectral Doppler waveforms to the display, what setting on the machine should be adjusted?

a. PRF

b. Sweep speed

c. Heart rate

d. Gain
9. Which of the following may result if the spectral Doppler gain is too high?

a. Too much output power sent into the patient

b. Undermeasurement of the velocities

c. Overmeasurement of the velocities

d. An image that is too dark
10. The Doppler shift is lowest at what angle to flow?

a. 0_

b. 45_

c. 60_

d. 90_

Δ
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October 28, 2017
ARDMS SPI Exam Review TEST 17
1. Which of the following is representative of Ohm’s law?

a. V _ IR

b. I _ R/V

c. R _ I/V

d. R _ VI
2. What is the point at which Reynolds number predicts turbulence?

a. 500

b. 1200

c. 2000

d. 4000
3. In order to maintain flow as a constant, if the area of a vessel increases what must happen to the velocity?

a. It increases

b. It decreases

c. It does not change with changes in area

d. Not enough information
4. Which of the following is not a way in which venous blood is assisted in returning to the heart?

a. Calf muscle pump

b. Inspiration

c. Expiration

d. Venous valves
5. In a standing patient, where is the hydrostatic pressure the highest?

a. In the feet

b. In the arms

c. In the abdomen

d. Near the heart
6. A stenosis of 75% in area is equal to what percent of stenosis in diameter?

a. 25%

b. 50%

c. 75%

d. 100%
7. In the exercising patient, what is the response to peripheral resistance with arteriolar dilatation?

a. The peripheral resistance increases

b. The peripheral resistance decreases

c. There is no change in peripheral resistance

d. Peripheral resistance would decrease but only in presence of disease
8. Which of the following will be seen with a stationary reflector?

a. There is a higher reflected frequency compared with the incident frequency

b. There is a lower reflected frequency compared with the incident frequency

c. The incident frequency is equal to the reflected frequency

d. The reflected intensity is higher than the incident intensity
9. What happens as the frequency of the transducer increases?

a. Penetration ability is increased

b. The amount of scatter is increased

c. The frequency shift is decreased

d. The amount of attenuation is decreased
10. What occurs as the Doppler angle is increased?

a. It decreases the frequency shift

b. It increases the frequency shift

c. It increases the risk for aliasing

d. It improves the accuracy of the velocity calculation

Δ
October 28, 2017
ARDMS SPI Exam Review TEST 16
1. What provides the potential energy in the cardiovascular system?

a. Distal arterioles

b. Blood flowing through the vessels

c. Beating heart

d. Venous system
2. What is another term for gravitational potential energy?

a. Kinetic energy

b. Viscous energy

c. Inertial energy

d. Hydrostatic pressure
3. What is the name of the flat flow profile that is seen at the entrance of vessels?

a. Plug flow

b. Laminar flow

c. Turbulent flow

d. Chaotic flow
4. What does increasing the PRF/scale setting on a spectral Doppler do?

a. Increases the potential of aliasing

b. Decreases the potential of aliasing

c. Makes the spectral waveform appear larger

d. Optimizes the system to detect slow flow
5. Which of the following is seen with continuous-wave instrumentation?

a. Transducer frequency matches that of the oscillator

b. Sample depth can be determined by a range gate

c. Very short pulses are used

d. Aliasing limits velocity measurements
6. When is the Doppler shift highest?

a. Doppler shift is unrelated to beam angle

b. When the beam is perpendicular to the direction of flow

c. When the beam is parallel to the direction of flow

d. When the beam is at a 45_ angle to flow
7. Which of the following will not eliminate aliasing?

a. Increasing the PRF

b. Increasing the Nyquist limit above the frequency shift

c. Decreasing the sample depth

d. Increasing the frequency shift above the Nyquist limit
8. When a reflector moves toward the transducer, what will happen to the reflected frequency?

a. Increase

b. Decrease

c. Stay the same

d. It is not possible to predict
9. Which of the following has to be increased in order to see an increase in flow volume?

a. Pressure difference

b. Resistance

c. Vessel length

d. Viscosity
10. Adjusting which of the following will have no effect on the measured frequency shift?

a. Flow velocity

b. Operating frequency

c. Amplitude

d. Propagation speed

Δ
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October 28, 2017

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